India has become the second-largest supplier of restricted critical technologies to Russia, according to officials from the U.S. and Europe.

This development poses significant challenges for efforts to limit exports that bolster President Vladimir Putin’s military operations in Ukraine.

Indian exports of restricted goods, including microchips, circuits, and machine tools, surpassed $60 million in both April and May—about double the amounts reported earlier this year.

In July, these exports rose to $95 million, placing India second only to China in supplying such technologies.

Officials noted that nearly 20% of the sensitive technology used in Russia’s military-industrial complex comes from India.

However, frustrations have been mounting among Ukraine’s allies, as diplomats expressing concerns about this trend have reportedly received little response from Indian officials.

India’s Ministry of External Affairs did not provide any comments regarding the rise in exports when approached for information.

The latest figures highlight the difficulties faced by the U.S. and its allies in restricting Russia’s military capabilities nearly two and a half years after its invasion of Ukraine.

While most dual-use item exports directly to Russia are prohibited, the country has sought procurement from third nations, often using unsuspecting subsidiaries of Western companies or intermediary networks.